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Strict diet could save brain from aging: study

Eating less may keep the mind young, according to Italian scientists who reported Monday they have discovered the molecular process by which a strict diet may save the brain from the ravages of age.

The research, published in the US journal the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, is based on a study of mice that were fed a diet of about 70 percent of the food they normally consumed.

Scientists found the calorie-restricted diet triggered a protein molecule, CREB1, that activates a host of genes linked to longevity and good brain function.

"Our hope is to find a way to activate CREB1, for example through new drugs, so to keep the brain young without the need of a strict diet," said lead author Giovambattista Pani, researcher at the Institute of General Pathology, Faculty of Medicine at the Catholic University of Sacred Heart in Rome.

Researchers have previously discovered that mice on diets showed better cognitive abilities and memory, less aggression, and tended to avoid or delay Alzheimer's disease. But they have not known exactly why.

"CREB1 is known to regulate important brain functions as memory, learning and anxiety control, and its activity is reduced or physiologically compromised by aging," said the study.

Mice that were genetically altered to lack CREB1 showed none of the same memory benefits if they were on a low-calorie diet as mice that had the molecule, and showed the same brain disabilities as mice that were overfed.

"Thus, our findings identify for the first time an important mediator of the effects of diet on the brain," Pani said.

"This discovery has important implications to develop future therapies to keep our brain young and prevent brain degeneration and the aging process."

According to Marc Gordon, chief of neurology at Zucker Hillside Hospital in Glen Oaks, New York, the findings could shed new light on why some people who are obese in middle age encounter cognitive problems later in life.

"Mid-life obesity has been associated with late-life dementia. However, the physiological basis for this association remains unclear," said Gordon, who was not part of the study.

"These investigators have studied the effects of limiting caloric intake in mice, and have identified a biochemical pathway that may mediate at least some of the brain's responses to dietary restriction."

Obesity Less Harmful to Self-Esteem in Black Women: Study

TUESDAY, Dec. 13 (HealthDay News) -- Obese black women have a better weight-related quality of life than white women with the same weight, according to a new U.S. study.

The researchers found that black women are more likely to be concerned about possible physical limitations caused by overweight and obesity, rather than the potential psychological consequences.

In the study, investigators analyzed data collected between 2000 and 2010 from 172 black and 171 white obese women. The women filled out a questionnaire that examined five quality-of-life areas: physical function, self-esteem, sexual life, public distress and work.

Among all the women, quality-of-life fell as body mass index (BMI) rose. BMI is a measurement of overweight and obesity. However, at similar BMIs, black women consistently had higher quality-of-life scores than white women and self-esteem was particularly high among black women, according to Tiffany Cox, of the University of Alabama at Birmingham, and colleagues.

The study authors noted that black women are typically more accepting of larger body sizes, which may explain why their quality of life is less affected by weight.

The study was released online in advance of publication in an upcoming print issue of the journal Applied Research in Quality of Life.

"The implications of this relationship between weight and quality of life in black women remain unclear. While the highest quality of life is desirable as an indicator of overall well-being, black women's perception of experiencing a high quality of life despite having a high BMI may also dampen motivation for attempting weight loss. Additional research is needed to understand the potentially bidirectional relationship between weight and quality of life in black women," Cox commented in a journal news release.

In the United States, about 80 percent of black women over the age of 20 are overweight or obese, according to background information in the news release.

More information

The U.S. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute has more about overweight and obesity.

Obese pregnant women can safely diet: study

NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - Obese pregnant women can safely limit their weight gain by watching what they eat, an analysis of several clinical trials suggests.

The study, reported in the journal Obstetrics & Gynecology, adds to evidence that obese women can try to limit their weight gain during pregnancy without harming themselves or their baby.

General recommendations from the Institute of Medicine (IOM), an advisory panel to the U.S. government, say that obese women should gain 11 to 20 pounds during pregnancy.

That's less than the 15 to 25 pounds recommended for overweight women, and the 25 to 35 pounds recommended for normal-weight women.

But some experts argue the IOM guidelines do not go far enough. They say at least some obese women can gain less weight -- or even shed pounds -- during pregnancy, to benefit their own health and to cut the risk of certain pregnancy complications.

The reality is that many obese women gain more than the IOM recommends.

So, small clinical trials have begun looking into ways to help obese women limit those pregnancy pounds.

For the new study, researchers combined the results of four of those trials - all looking specifically at diet counseling. They found that, on average, obese pregnant women who got diet help gained 14 pounds less than those who received no special advice.

They also saw no evidence that diet advice and weight loss harmed the infants' birth weights.

In addition, the lesser weight gain brought the women in line with IOM recommendations, say the researchers, led by Julie A. Quinlivan of Ramsay Health Care in Joondalup, Australia.

Dr. Raul Artal, head of obstetrics, gynecology and women's health at Saint Louis University School of Medicine, is one of the critics of the IOM guidelines for obese women.

"I think they are very generous," Artal told Reuters Health.

In his own research, Artal has found that obese women can safely maintain their weight, or even lose up to 10 pounds, without harming their newborn's birth weight -- which has been the main concern with limiting pregnancy pounds.

Obese women are at increased risk of a number of pregnancy complications, including pregnancy-related diabetes, high blood pressure and having a larger-than-normal newborn -- which can often necessitate a cesarean section.

Artal's research has suggested that when obese women maintain or lose a bit of weight during pregnancy, it not only does not seem to impair fetal growth, but may also curb the risk of having a larger-than-normal newborn.

That does not mean, however, that obese pregnant women should hop onto to the latest fad diet.

The four clinical trials in the current study included a total of 537 women who were randomly assigned to either a supervised dietary intervention or a "control" group. Women in the interventions received counseling on healthy eating and kept food "diaries" or other records to keep track of calories.

Similarly, obese women who want to limit pregnancy pounds should do it under medical supervision, Artal said.

In general, he advocates eating a healthy, balanced diet and being moderately active -- 30 minutes of walking a day being a good goal.

"Pregnancy is an ideal time to start a healthy lifestyle," Artal said.

"Obese women," he added, "should not be excluded from recommendations to adopt a healthy lifestyle."

SOURCE: http://bit.ly/tXb1uM Obstetrics & Gynecology, December 2011.

New Study Shows Promise For Preventing Preterm Births

New Study Shows Promise For Preventing Preterm Births@import "/css/pagelayout.css";@import "/css/default.css";@import "/css/defaultnews.css"; Your MNT
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Also Included In: Women's Health / Gynecology
Article Date: 16 Dec 2011 - 1:00 PST

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A new study co-authored by the University of Kentucky's Dr. John O'Brien found that applying vaginal progesterone to women who are at a high risk of preterm birth significantly decreased the odds of a premature delivery.

The new study, published in the American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, described a two-prong strategy used by doctors: participating pregnant women underwent a measurement of the cervical length via transvaginal cervical ultrasound to define risk for preterm birth; and those found to have a short cervix were successfully treated with vaginal progesterone. A short cervix defined as a length of 25 millimeters or less is a major risk factor for preterm birth.

Approximately 12.9 million births worldwide are preterm which is defined as less than 37 weeks of gestation. The United States has the highest rate of preterm births in the world. "Early" preterm births -- those less than 32 weeks -- are associated with a high rate of neonatal complications and long-term neurologic disability. "Late" preterm births (between 34 and 36-6/7 weeks) represent 70 percent of all preterm births; and although they have a lower rate of complications than early preterm births, they are still a major health care problem.

The study showed that the vaginal application of progesterone gel significantly reduces the rate of preterm birth in women at less than 33 weeks of gestation, but also is effective at less than 28, 32 and 35 weeks. This means that vaginal progesterone reduces both "early" and "late" preterm births.

Vaginal progesterone administered to women with a short cervix detected via ultrasound also reduced the rate of admissions to the newborn intensive care unit; respiratory distress syndrome; the need for mechanical ventilation; and a composite score of complications that included intracranial hemorrhage, bowel problems, respiratory difficulties, infection and death.

O'Brien, division chief of Maternal-Fetal Medicine at UK, says the progesterone treatment is safe because the natural pregnancy hormone is the made by the placenta and the ovaries during pregnancy.

"For too long, little progress has been made in the prevention of premature births," said O'Brien. "However, this new large study shows that it's possible to both help women determine if they are at risk for preterm birth, and provide a safe and effective treatment to help prevent preterm births."

Additional References Citations Article adapted by Medical News Today from original press release. Source: University of Kentucky
Visit our pregnancy / obstetrics section for the latest news on this subject. University of Kentucky Please use one of the following formats to cite this article in your essay, paper or report:

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Visitor Opinions In Chronological Order (1)FDA Committee Meetingposted by Meghan S on 19 Dec 2011 at 6:32 am

There is an important FDA meeting on progesterone gel happening next month on January 20. An FDA committee is meeting to discuss a pending new drug application to approve the drug.

It’s important to share personal preterm birth experiences with the panel so they know what a difference this medicine will make. People can either submit written remarks by January 10 or they can request to make a formal presentation at the meeting in Washington DC by January 3.

Below is the contact information and blurb from the FDA about public contributions.

FDA Meeting: http://www.fda.gov/AdvisoryCommittees/Calendar/ucm279859.htm

FDA Contact Person:
Kalyani Bhatt, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug
Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave., Bldg. 31, rm. 2417, Silver Spring, MD 20993-0002
301-796-9001, FAX: 301-847-8533,
email: ACRHD@fda.hhs.gov, or FDA Advisory
Committee Information Line, 1-800-741-8138 (301-443-0572 in the Washington, DC area)

Public Section:
"Interested persons may present data, information, or views, orally or in writing, on issues pending before the committee. Written submissions may be made to the contact person on or before January 10, 2012. Oral presentations from the public will be scheduled between approximately 1 p.m. and 2 p.m. Those individuals interested in making formal oral presentations should notify the contact person and submit a brief statement of the general nature of the evidence or arguments they wish to present, the names and addresses of proposed participants, and an indication of the approximate time requested to make their presentation on or before January 3, 2012."

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